Armando Nova Gonzalez, “Cuban agriculture and the current economic transformation process.”

DR. ARMANDO NOVA GONZÁLEZ, Centro de Estudios de la Economía Cubana, Universidad de la Habana, APRIL 1, 2012

Complete Original Here: Armando Nova,  Cuban agriculture and the current economic transformation process 2012  in Cuba Study Group WWW.FROMTHEISLAND.ORG INTRODUCTION

The Cuban economy has begun an interesting and important process of economic transformation, which has been identified as: the “Updating of the economic model.” It covers all economic sectors, with important implications for economic, social and political sectors of the nation. These changes have been reflected in the Guidelines of the Economic and Social Policy of the Party and the Revolution, adopted during the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party Congress held in April 2011 and ratified at the recent Conference of the CPC held in February of this year.

We must keep in mind that the Guidelines are only a guide and that the implementation process itself will lead to updates, enhancements and introduction of new issues and measures, which will be recom­mend by practice itself.

One may note that the most profound and important transformations have been initiated in a sector that is economically vital and strategic for the Cuban economy, as is the agricultural sector (AS). At the same time, it implies recognition and restitution of the important role of this sector in the economic-social-political development.

The insufficient domestic food production (see Nova 2010), is an issue that has been prevalent during the last fifty years in the national economy, increasing the country’s dependence on foreign food, making it more vulnerable and resulting in high expenditure of foreign currency for food imports (see Table 1), when most of these could be produced domestically under competitive conditions.

The Current Issue of the agricultural sector could be summarized as follows: agricultural and livestock pro­duction is down, there are records of significant quantities of idle agricultural land, and food imports continue to grow, to cover the shortfall in domestic production. This leads to obvious signs that the productive forces are still frozen and the need to transform systemically production relationships, and to the need to analyze how to solve the issue of ownership of the land and the changes needed to achieve it2.

The current situation of dependency in the area of food products is paradoxical, given the fact that the agricultural sector (AS) shows a significant number of unused areas (more than 2.0 million of idle Has). Results obtained from various scientific and technical institu­tions, indicate that there is a material basis (although undercapitalized largely by years of economic crisis, but it exists and can be improved and used) and has a significant human

WHAT ARE THE FACTORS THAT HAVE A NEGATIVE INFLUENCE?

Sometimes the reduction in agricultural and livestock production is attributed to the effects caused by drought, and to some extent this is a contributing factor, but this is a variable that must always be kept in mind instead of waiting for this to happen. It is necessary to prepare early for this effect and reduce the current vulnerability

This requires creating the necessary food reserves during the spring or rain period. This retranslates in the production of grains (corn, soy­bean, sunflower), in dry periods and throughout the year, and in the rescue of sugar cane production, not only destined for the production of sugar, but to the production of a number of side products such as molasses, yeast, bagasse, etc. used as animal feed. There is a need to rescue the necessary integration of the agro-industry and sugar cane production for food destined for cattle and pigs feed. Should also include the production of sugar cane used for livestock feed and forage base.

However, the most important aspect is the delay in implementing reforms in the agricultural sector, formal­ized in the Economic and Social Guidelines adopted at the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba (CPC) and the systematic failure to apply them.

1. Delay in delivery of land to farmers under the framework of Decree Law 259 and its regulations (primar­ily bureaucratic aspects).

2. An insufficient offer of supplies, insufficient means of labor and production, with high prices (recent mea­sures have been taken recently aimed at reducing prices) and not adjusted to the demands, requirements, quality and specifications of producers and regions, usually modular. Not taking into account the actual existence of the market objective and role.

3. Need to amend Decree Law 259, to eliminate the uncertainties that it contains and which do not favor the permanence of the producer.

4. The failure to implement comprehensive measures for the decentralization of the marketing and elimina­tion of the Government inventory system.

5. The issue of prices paid to producers that are not satisfactory (despite the price increases in some cat­egories), particularly those products that replace imports, while willing to pay high prices for imported products and not to the local producer.

6. Late delivery of loans and technical assistance.

In summary reaffirmed by the results achieved at the end of 2011, there are still three aspects that have not been settled:

• Limited rights of the owner of the property: the producers should be allowed to make their own decisions throughout the cycle production-distribution-consumption-change.

• Failure to recognize the real and objective existence of the market and its complementary role with planning.

• Lack of systemic approach in the design and implementation of measures.

Given this repeated situation it is evident that the productive forces of the agricultural sector are still detained and required to remove the obstacles that still hinder its development, which implies continuing fast as pos­sible the transformation of production relations, which is a strategic economic sector for the Cuban economy.

Armando Nova Gonzalez

 

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One Response to Armando Nova Gonzalez, “Cuban agriculture and the current economic transformation process.”

  1. lazaro says:

    no conoci a nova gonzalez ni en la facultad ni en el ceec donde se discutian este y otros temas, lo cual no quiere decir que no estuviera, sino solo que no estaba entre el grupo de los “discutidores”, lo que a fin de cuentas no tiene importancia.
    afirmar sin la imprescindible acotacion que se espera y requiere, que las ventas de col disminuyeron un 35.9% [11/10], o que la yuca lo hizo un 60%, me remite a la descripcion del copy & paste. ni siquiera la diafana pista que el arroz crecio un 14.4% [11/10] despierta la curiosidad del por que esos comportamientos. y es que hay un fact que no se considera que es la naturaleza economica del vendedor: estatal, cooperativo y privado.
    por otra parte, afirmar que de un producto basico en la canasta alimenticia cubana [todos los listados por cierto], como la yuca se vendieron 400 mil o 40 mil ton sin referirlo al consumo per capita carece de valor analitico. de acuerdo con las 40 mil ton registradas como vendidas a cada cubano le corresponderian poco menos de 3.6 kg anuales, pero el testarudo ser humano tiene la mala costubre de hacer tres comidas diarias, aunque en cuba se puede calcular por una, lo que nos daria 0.010 kg. o 0.02 libras diarios, los que virtualmente desaparecen cuando pelamos la yuquita y le quitamos todas las materias “extranas” que la acompanan.
    se puede continuar esta linea y complementar el analisis con los productos sustituitivos entre si como la yuca y el platano vianda and so on.
    luego lo cierto es que hasta cifras del minsap arrojan lo evidente que mas del 50% de la poblacion cubana [cercana a canada] esta overweight. luego el kubishe engorda de aire o de las misteriosas investigaciones alimentarias recientes con que nos amenaza [nuevamente] el cientifico en jefe? no seria mas sensato buscar causas mas naturales como aquella en que parte de lo que la gente se come no se registra?
    dando una vueltecita por la dinamica de las importaciones que son otro doctoral copy & paste, se emplea como unidad comparativa el dolar estadounidense. sin embargo la fuente [one] emplea explicitamente el peso cubano. esta institucion registra importaciones totales [2010] en pesos cubanos de 10,646,831, nuestro dr. situa la cifra en 8,000,000 [us]; mientras que en el reglon de productos alimenticios y animales vivos la one contabiliza 1,467,159 y nova gonzalez ofrece 1,600,000 tambien en “fulas”. luego cabe preguntar si el experto hizo las correcciones correspondientes a las diferentes monedas y si fue asi, se agradeceria una nota explicatoria para los igualmente interesados en estos asuntos pero menos doctos.
    gracias. saludos.

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